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Contents Vol.38, No.11 November 2025 14 Humanoid Robots, Part 1 Humanoid and android robots are now a reality; while they’re not yet perfect, they are becoming more widespread. We look at what makes a humanoid robot, from the definition to the hardware and software. By Dr David Maddison, VK3DSM Robotics feature 54 Power Electronics, Part 1 In this series of articles, we explore the broad concept of power electronics. This covers circuits with the primary function of handling electrical energy. Part 1 starts off by focusing on DC-DC converters. By Andrew Levido Electronic design 62 Large OLED Panels Page 47 Power Rail Probe Power Electronics Part 1: Page 54 We often use OLED panels in our projects because of their low power draw and ability to draw graphics and text. The modules described in this article are still compact (<65mm), but larger than what we normally use. By Tim Blythman Low-cost electronic modules Part 2: Page 68 92 Telequipment D52 Oscilloscope The D52 dual-beam 6MHz oscilloscope from the 1960s was a British-made competitor to the well-known Tektronix oscilloscopes. This scope was sold with different CRT phosphors such as green, blue and yellow. By Dr Hugo Holden Vintage Electronics 28 RP2350B Computer Requiring nearly zero soldering, with many I/O pins, more memory and better audio; the RP2350B Computer is an improved version of our older Pico/2/Computer. You can buy it pre-assembled, or have it fabricated. By Geoff Graham & Peter Mather Computer project 47 Power Rail Probe This handy piece of gear measures and evaluates ripple switching noise and transients riding on DC supply rails. High-performance versions can cost thousands of dollars, but you can build this for less than $100. By Andrew Levido Test equipment project 68 Digital Preamp & Crossover, Pt2 This advanced preamplifier uses digital processing and can also act as a crossover. It has three digital inputs, two digital outputs, four analog stereo inputs, four stereo outputs, high-fidelity USB and stereo monitoring channel. By Phil Prosser Audio/hifi project 79 Over Current Protector Use this simple circuit to sound an alarm or disconnect a load when a lowvoltage DC current flow exceeds a preset value. The preset value can be set from 1A to 20A and uses a reed switch to function. By Julian Edgar Simple electronic project Digital Preamplifier and Crossover 2 Editorial Viewpoint 6 Mailbag 82 Circuit Notebook 84 Serviceman’s Log 90 Online Shop 99 Subscriptions 100 Ask Silicon Chip 103 Market Centre 104 Advertising Index 104 Notes & Errata 1. 400×168-pixel 4-colour e-paper display 2. Mini GPS speedometer PCB