Silicon ChipThe LM1875 Audio Amplifier IC - December 1993 SILICON CHIP
  1. Outer Front Cover
  2. Contents
  3. Publisher's Letter: The future of private motor vehicles
  4. Feature: Sound Blaster Grows Up by Darren Yates
  5. Feature: Electronic Engine Management; Pt.3 by Julian Edgar
  6. Project: Remote Controller For Garage Doors by Branco Justic
  7. Project: Build A Low-Voltage LED Stroboscope by Darren Yates
  8. Project: A Low-Cost 25W Amplifier Module by Darren Yates
  9. Feature: The LM1875 Audio Amplifier IC by Darren Yates
  10. Feature: Remote Control by Bob Young
  11. Feature: Programming The 68HC705C8 Microcontroller by Barry Rozema
  12. Serviceman's Log: Whingeing Willie & the bouncing TV set by The TV Serviceman
  13. Project: Peripherals For The Southern Cross Computer by Peter Crowcroft & Craig Jones
  14. Book Store
  15. Vintage Radio: My no-hassles radio museum by John Hill
  16. Project: Build A 1-Chip Melody Generator by Bernie Gilchrist
  17. Back Issues
  18. Feature: Amateur Radio by Garry Cratt, VK2YBX
  19. Order Form
  20. Product Showcase
  21. Feature: Index to Volume 6
  22. Market Centre
  23. Advertising Index
  24. Outer Back Cover

This is only a preview of the December 1993 issue of Silicon Chip.

You can view 29 of the 96 pages in the full issue, including the advertisments.

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Articles in this series:
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.1 (October 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.1 (October 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.2 (November 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.2 (November 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.3 (December 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.3 (December 1993)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.4 (January 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.4 (January 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.5 (February 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.5 (February 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.6 (March 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.6 (March 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.7 (April 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.7 (April 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.8 (May 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.8 (May 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.9 (June 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.9 (June 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.10 (July 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.10 (July 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.11 (August 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.11 (August 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.12 (September 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.12 (September 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.13 (October 1994)
  • Electronic Engine Management; Pt.13 (October 1994)
Items relevant to "Build A Low-Voltage LED Stroboscope":
  • Low-Voltage LED Stroboscope PCB patterns (PDF download) [04112931-3] (Free)
Items relevant to "A Low-Cost 25W Amplifier Module":
  • Low-Cost 25A Audio Amplifier Module PCB pattern (PDF download) [01112931] (Free)
Articles in this series:
  • Remote Control (October 1989)
  • Remote Control (October 1989)
  • Remote Control (November 1989)
  • Remote Control (November 1989)
  • Remote Control (December 1989)
  • Remote Control (December 1989)
  • Remote Control (January 1990)
  • Remote Control (January 1990)
  • Remote Control (February 1990)
  • Remote Control (February 1990)
  • Remote Control (March 1990)
  • Remote Control (March 1990)
  • Remote Control (April 1990)
  • Remote Control (April 1990)
  • Remote Control (May 1990)
  • Remote Control (May 1990)
  • Remote Control (June 1990)
  • Remote Control (June 1990)
  • Remote Control (August 1990)
  • Remote Control (August 1990)
  • Remote Control (September 1990)
  • Remote Control (September 1990)
  • Remote Control (October 1990)
  • Remote Control (October 1990)
  • Remote Control (November 1990)
  • Remote Control (November 1990)
  • Remote Control (December 1990)
  • Remote Control (December 1990)
  • Remote Control (April 1991)
  • Remote Control (April 1991)
  • Remote Control (July 1991)
  • Remote Control (July 1991)
  • Remote Control (August 1991)
  • Remote Control (August 1991)
  • Remote Control (October 1991)
  • Remote Control (October 1991)
  • Remote Control (April 1992)
  • Remote Control (April 1992)
  • Remote Control (April 1993)
  • Remote Control (April 1993)
  • Remote Control (November 1993)
  • Remote Control (November 1993)
  • Remote Control (December 1993)
  • Remote Control (December 1993)
  • Remote Control (January 1994)
  • Remote Control (January 1994)
  • Remote Control (June 1994)
  • Remote Control (June 1994)
  • Remote Control (January 1995)
  • Remote Control (January 1995)
  • Remote Control (April 1995)
  • Remote Control (April 1995)
  • Remote Control (May 1995)
  • Remote Control (May 1995)
  • Remote Control (July 1995)
  • Remote Control (July 1995)
  • Remote Control (November 1995)
  • Remote Control (November 1995)
  • Remote Control (December 1995)
  • Remote Control (December 1995)
Articles in this series:
  • Programming The Motorola 68HC705C8 (July 1993)
  • Programming The Motorola 68HC705C8 (July 1993)
  • Programming the Motorola 68HC705C8 (October 1993)
  • Programming the Motorola 68HC705C8 (October 1993)
  • Programming The 68HC705C8 Microcontroller (December 1993)
  • Programming The 68HC705C8 Microcontroller (December 1993)
Articles in this series:
  • Amateur Radio (November 1987)
  • Amateur Radio (November 1987)
  • Amateur Radio (December 1987)
  • Amateur Radio (December 1987)
  • Amateur Radio (February 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (February 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (March 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (March 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (April 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (April 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (May 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (May 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (June 1988)
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  • Amateur Radio (July 1988)
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  • Amateur Radio (September 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (September 1988)
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  • Amateur Radio (October 1988)
  • Amateur Radio (November 1988)
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  • Amateur Radio (January 1989)
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  • The "Tube" vs. The Microchip (August 1990)
  • The "Tube" vs. The Microchip (August 1990)
  • Amateur Radio (September 1990)
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  • Amateur Radio (December 1993)
  • Amateur Radio (February 1994)
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  • Amateur Radio (January 1995)
  • Amateur Radio (January 1995)
  • CB Radio Can Now Transmit Data (March 2001)
  • CB Radio Can Now Transmit Data (March 2001)
  • What's On Offer In "Walkie Talkies" (March 2001)
  • What's On Offer In "Walkie Talkies" (March 2001)
  • Stressless Wireless (October 2004)
  • Stressless Wireless (October 2004)
  • WiNRADiO: Marrying A Radio Receiver To A PC (January 2007)
  • WiNRADiO: Marrying A Radio Receiver To A PC (January 2007)
  • “Degen” Synthesised HF Communications Receiver (January 2007)
  • “Degen” Synthesised HF Communications Receiver (January 2007)
  • PICAXE-08M 433MHz Data Transceiver (October 2008)
  • PICAXE-08M 433MHz Data Transceiver (October 2008)
  • Half-Duplex With HopeRF’s HM-TR UHF Transceivers (April 2009)
  • Half-Duplex With HopeRF’s HM-TR UHF Transceivers (April 2009)
  • Dorji 433MHz Wireless Data Modules (January 2012)
  • Dorji 433MHz Wireless Data Modules (January 2012)
Manufacturer’s data on the LM1875 20W audio power amplifier IC As used in the amplifier module elsewhere in this issue, the LM1875 IC requires only a few external components to deliver 25W into 8 ohms. It has quite impressive specifications for its size, as well as in-built thermal & short circuit protection. By DARREN YATES The LM1875 Audio Amplifier IC from National Semiconductor is now a few years old but it is still one of the most cost-effective devices available when it comes to simplicity and output power. The LM1875 comes in a 5-lead TO-220 package. The heatsink tab is connected to the negative supply rail of the amplifier (ie, to pin 3). However, it must be isolated from the heatsink via a TO-220 insulating kit otherwise earth loops are likely to be a problem. Fig.: this diagram shows the pinout details for the LM1875. The device must be isolated from its heatsink using a TO-220 mounting kit. Fig.3: THD vs power output. 40  Silicon Chip Incidentally, even if this IC is not driving a load, it must be bolted to a heatsink as the quiescent current of 70mA is enough to cause the thermal protection circuitry to switch in (more on that later). Main features The main features and specifications of the LM1875 are as follows: • Up to 30W power output into 8 ohms; • Typical harmonic distortion of 0.015% <at> 1kHz, 20W output; • Short circuit protection; • Supply voltage range of 20-60V; • 94dB supply rejection ratio; • In-built thermal protection; • Low noise (S/N ratio in excess of 100dB); • Open loop gain typically 90dB; Fig.4: THD vs frequency for 4Ω & 8Ω loads at 10W. • 70mA (typical) quiescent current. The LM1875 can drive either 4Ω or 8Ω loads but it delivers slightly more power into 8Ω loads. With 4Ω loads, the maximum output power is 20W. Although the data sheets indicate that the device can deliver a maximum output power of 30W into 8Ω, this is at its absolute maximum supply voltage of 60V. With practical power supplies, some allowance must be made for variations in mains voltage and therefore 25W is a more realistic rating. Single or dual rails The LM1875 can be operated from dual or single supply rails and the amplifier module project featured in this issue shows both supply arrangements. The pinout diagram can be seen in Fig.1. Fig.2 shows the internal circuit diagram of the IC. Two NPN devices, Q35 and Q39, are the output transistors. If you look closely, the emitter resistor for Q35 is split in half and this split feeds another NPN device, Q36, which monitors the output current on positive half cycles of the output signal. In fact, Q36 and Q37 form part of a “load-line” protection system which shuts down drive to the Fig.5: power output vs supply voltage (8Ω load). Fig.6: PSRR vs frequency (positive & negative rails). Fig.2: the internal circuit diagram of the LM1875. Q35 & Q39 are the output transistors, while Q36 & Q37 form part of a “load-line” protection system which shuts down drive to the output stage if the loading conditions are excessive. output stage if the loading conditions are excessive. Fig.3 shows the distortion vs output power for both 4Ω and 8Ω loads while Fig.4 depicts distortion as a function of frequen­cy. As you might expect, the device has increased distortion at both ends of the audio spectrum. Power output Fig.5 shows the expected power output at 1% total harmonic distortion for supply rails of between ±10V to ±30V (RL = 8Ω). Power supply rejection characteristics vs frequency are shown in Fig.6. Note the difference between the positive and negative rails, with the negative rail being some 30dB or Fig.7: power dissipation vs power output (RL = 4Ω). so worse at 20kHz. The maximum figure of 94dB is relative to a 0Ω signal source resistance, a 4Ω load and at a frequency of 1kHz. The in-built thermal protection activates when the die temperature reaches 175°C and shuts down the device, which remains off until the die cools down to 145°C. In the case of a continuous load or over-drive problem, if the die rises to 150°C the device will again shut down. The beauty of this is that if the fault is a one-off event, the thermal circuitry will allow the die to heat up further than if it is a continuous fault. Figs.7 & 8 show details on the power output vs power dissi­pation Fig.8: power dissipation vs power output (RL = 8Ω). for 4Ω and 8Ω loads. Notice how the device dissipation is much higher for 4Ω loads. In fact, even with a 1°C/W heatsink, the LM1875’s internal thermal shutdown circuitry switches on once the power output reaches 20W. By this stage, the power dissipation has reached about 32W and the die temperature has surpassed the 175°C mark. With an 8Ω load, the LM1875 will happily deliver 25W con­ tinuously without running the risk of thermal shutdown. Stability Most power amplifiers don’t drive capacitive loads all that well and the LM1875 doesn’t either. Long speaker leads can pro­duce enough capacitance to drive some amplifiers into VHF oscilla­tion. In this case, the manufacturer’s data sheets recommend that you add a Zobel network consisting of a 0.22µF capacitor and a 1Ω resistor to the output. This has been included in the amplifier module in this month’s issue. As with most designs, PC board layout is important in minimising the noise and distortion components. Keeping the input signal away from the supply rails will help keep the SC distortion low. December 1993  41