VINTAGE RADIO
1,
By JOHN HILL
Collectables & non-collectables
One problem that confronts the vintage radio
enthusiast is knowing which radios are worth
collecting. Some radios are well worth the effort
of restoration but others definitely are not.
Collectors of old radios have different ideas as to what is worth collecting and what is not. Personally,
I prefer pre-war models although
there were plenty of good radios
made up until about the early
1950s.
I classify valve radios into three
categories: very collectable, collectable and non-collectable. Collectability has only been touched on
briefly in this column in the past so
it's time to delve into the subject
more deeply. Of course, the following are purely my own impressions
of the subject so readers will have
little choice other than to agree or
disagree with my comments.
Radios in the "very collectable"
category are collectable because
they are comparatively rare, not
because they are particularly good
radios. Naturally, the receivers in
question are the very early types
from the 1920s era. These ancient
radios can be lumped together to
some extent as they have many
things in common.
Firstly, they will have squarish,
coffin-like cabinets of either timber
or pressed steel. They will most
likely be battery operated, use a
separate loudspeaker (probably a
horn speaker), have a complement
of triode valves and use a reaction
type circuit.
There are also a few variations
on the theme. Some may be of the
console type with turned legs and a
built in horn speaker. The odd one
may even be an early superhet and
operate on AC power.
As far as I'm concerned, the
"very collectable" category dates
from 1923 to 1930. No doubt other
collectors would differ on this point
and many would perhaps suggest
1928 as a cutoff point for these truly vintage receivers.
They could well be right because
that was a time of great change,
marking as it did the beginning of
the superhet era. However, I like to
conveniently round things off so I'll
stick to 1930.
Any radio that is pre-1930 is really a valuable item but finding such a
receiver is another matter. Those
who own old radios usually wish to
keep them.
The 1920s-style battery operated
receivers present a few problems to
restorers as usable valves are hard
to come by and most sets no longer
have their original speakers. Finding a 90 volt "B" battery is also a
problem if one does not have a "B"
battery eliminator. Even when fully
restored and going, the sound
reproduction is so poor they really
are a pain to listen to and one soon
tires of the thin, metallic sound of a
horn speaker.
But love them or hate them, going
or not going, these early receivers
are very collectable and always
make an interesting display.
Superhet receivers
Unusual features such as a "dial a station" dial make this old Astor receiver a
collectable item. (Photo courtesy "Orpheous" Radio Museum).
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SILICON CHIP
The "collectable" era, as far as
I'm concerned, covers from about
Early receivers from the 1920s era are in the "very collectable" category.
Shown is a 5-valve Astor of about 1927 vintage.
Early loudspeakers are also valuable
collectors items. This photograph
shows an early Amplion horn speaker
of about 1926 vintage.
This odd looking early post war Radiola has survived well because of its
durable Bakelite cabinet. Bakelite cabinets were far superior to the plastic
cabinets which superseded them.
1930 to the mid 1950s or thereabouts. This period is characterised by several things - the total
changeover to the superhet receiver, the use of wood veneers
as distinct from solid timber, and
the introduction of synthetic
cabinet materials for the smaller
mantle and table models.
Many of these old sets restore so
well that they outperform some
modern receivers to quite a considerable degree. A valve radio
may not be anywhere near as
power efficient or reliable as a
transistorised radio but when it
comes to sound quality, some of
those oldies are remarkably good.
Of course not all of them turn out
as well as just intimated. Some sets
were lacking a little in design and
speaker quality and odd ones were
so austere that they never even had
automatic gain control. Then as
now, there was a range of goods at
varying prices, with quality being
proportional to price.
The 1930s saw the first of the
Bakelite radio cabinets and
Bakelite proved to be a material
that performed well in this role.
Bakelite had been in use since the
early days of radio where it was used in sheet form, as well as for
valve bases, control knobs and
other small electronic components.
Bakelite is a very long lasting
material. There are several
Bakelite radios in my collection that
are more than 50 years old and
despite this considerable time span,
their ea binets are in very good condition. Provided a Bakelite cabinet
is not dropped it will just about last
forever.
Age has a dulling effect on
Bakelite cabinets but the original
sheen can be easily restored by
rubbing down the surface with a
metal polish such as Brasso, or an
automotive paint cutting and
polishing compound.
One of the big advantages of
Bakelite is that it is impervious to
moisture. Often one sees an otherwise good timber cabinet radio with
OCT0BER1989
11
This particular model HMV cabinet always cracks above the hot rectifier and
output valves. Despite this, the receiver still works well.
This Radiola 5 is a popular receiver from the mid 1950s. Although the author
classifies it as "uncollectable", it is nevertheless quite a good receiver.
the plywood separated and the outside veneer blistered, lifted or
broken away.
With the exception of radios with
badly damaged timber cabinets,
most receivers from the 1930s and
1940s survive the years fairly well.
Generally speaking, the majority of
sets manufactured in this era were
well made and can be restored to a
high standard. If properly restored,
they will continue to work for many
years to come.
Bakelite vs. plastic
The last category of receivers is
what I call the "non-collectables".
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SILICON CHIP
The radios in this category were
usually made in the 1950s or early
1960s, have plastic cabinets and
have very little aesthetic appeal. No
doubt some readers may object to
my classification but I'm sure a lot
will agree with me wholeheartedly.
Compared to pre-war radios,
radios from the 19 50s and 1960s
were built to a price rather than to
specifications. Competition between manufacturers must have
been intense at the time and many
cost cutting exercises are fairly obvious when these radios are examined closely. In simple terms, the
last generation of valve radios were
fairly cheap and nasty.
These radios were not all bad,
however. From a performance
point of view they went OK and
were generally a little more reliable
than their earlier counterparts. But
(and it's a big but), from a collector's point of view, they simply lack
the appeal of the older pre-war
models. Plastic had almost completely taken over from timber and
Bakelite and this in itself makes
them far less attractive.
Now readers have taken me to
task before about this Bakelite and
plastic technicality, claiming that
both materials are plastics. Of this
fact I'm well aware, but as a collector of old radios I view these supposedly similar materials quite
differently.
Bakelite is a thermosetting type
of plastic that is formed under heat
and pressure and when cooled it
stays that way - permanently! In
other words, once formed into a
shape it cannot be remelted or
reshaped.
Plastic radio cabinets (as distinct
from Bakelite) are made of various
thermoplastic materials which can
be remelted and reshaped after
they have been initially formed. It is
this type of plastic that has proven
to be relatively unsuitable for radio
cabinets when viewed in a long
term perspective.
Hence I refer to Bakelite and
plastic as being two different
materials. Technically speaking,
they can be lumped together under
the broad heading of "plastics" but
as far as I'm concerned, Bakelite
and plastic are not to be compared
because they are so different. One
lasts; the other does not!
Early radios also had metal or
Bakelite dial escutcheons that
usually survived the years without
casualty. Their plastic counterparts haven't done so well, even
though only half the age.
Likewise with control knobs. The
old Bakelite variety often had brass
centres and hardened steel set
screws to secure them to the shaft.
Even the cheaper ones without the
brass centres gave very little
trouble.
On the other hand, how many
readers have experienced the
frustration of removing old plastic
control knobs, only to have them
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Radios with timber cabinets make very worthwhile collectors' items. This
4-valve HMV receiver uses several different timbers and has been fully
restored.
separate into many pieces. The centre piece frequently pulls away
from the rest of the knob.
The plastics used in the radios of
30-40 years ago were quite OK at
the time. In fact, some of those
receivers appear to be surviving
reasonably well whereas others
simply fall apart. It would be interesting to know their past history.
Maybe the ones exposed to years of
sunlight crack up sooner than those
which lived more sheltered lives.
Heat plays a significant role in
the life of a plastic cabinet and
many such cabinets develop cracks
in particular places; usually over
the hot rectifier and output valves.
In some instances, the heat even
softens and deforms the ea binet.
Little Nipper
The HMV "Little Nipper" was a
popular radio for many years and I
have picked up about a dozen or so
since I started collecting. Out of
that number, only one has a crack
free cabinet. Although I consider
these late model radios as noncollectable, I have restored this
particular Little Nipper because it
is one of the few good examples of
that model.
I recently wrecked an HMV
tablegram only to find that the
radio unit was nothing more than
an upgraded Little Nipper. The
upgrading bit amounted to the addition of shortwave, something I have
yet to see on a Little Nipper mantle
set.
Now I might knock these so called
non-collectable radios a bit but that
tablegram chassis has turned out to
be one of my favourite radios. After
giving it the full treatment, including a 3.5mm mono socket to accept an 8-inch wall mounted
speaker, the result was quite amazing. It might not be much to look at
but it performs really well.
This is the unfortunate aspect of
this last generation of valve radios.
The radios themselves were OK; it
was the plastic cabinets they were
placed in that is the main cause of
the trouble. They simply weren't
designed with longevity in mind and
do not stand up to the passing of
time as do the older receivers.
Although I refer to late model
valve radios as non-collectables, I
must confess that I also have a
plastic cased "Astor Mickey" and a
mid 1950s Radiola. The occasional
good one is still worth preserving.
However, if ever I have a sale, it
will be the non-collectables that go
first.
Well, we have run out of space
again which is a good thing really
because I have become depressed
talking a bout all those noncollectable radios . I will have to go
into my den and have a look at my
collectables in order to get myself
all enthused again so I can write
something for next month.
~
HYCAL
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OCT0BER1989
13
